The origins of Existentialism Kierkegaard and Sartre Soren Kierkegaard was the first philosopher to actually consider that he wrote about Existentialism. In summary, it is evident that a good definition of existentialism is difficult to produce because existentialism is, by the nature of the movement, against narrow, hard-bound classification. Søren Kierkegaard (1813—1855) Søren Kierkegaard is an outsider in the history of philosophy. Søren Kierkegaard carried out most of his work under different pseudonyms such as Victor Eremita, Johannes de Silentio, Anti-Climacus, Hilarius Bookbinder, or Vigilius Haufniensis. Kierkegaard’s philosophy often brings confusion, since he is attributed with the title of “the first existentialist,” yet he was also a Christian. Søren Kierkegaard’s two heroes were Socrates and Jesus Christ. Chapter Summary. Adorno, on the other hand, in his Habilitationsschrift, later published as Kierkegaard: Construction of the Aesthetic, is critical of Kierkegaard’s politics, though Adorno’s indirect target was Heidegger and existentialism more generally. We now turn to our two examples of existentialism. 14.1 The Existential Tone Søren Kierkegaard is said to have inaugurated modern existentialism in the early 19th century, while Jean-Paul Sartre is said to have been the last great existentialist thinker in the 20th century. Convinced that the Christian faith, as it was generally practiced, had lost its way, Kierkegaard was a fierce critic of religious dogma. Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was a Danish Christian philosopher, theologian, and social critic, widely considered a founding figure in existentialism. CHAPTER 14 EXISTENTIALISM. Summary Summary Summary Summary. Since his time existential approaches to philosophy about life have grown very greatly in influence and also appeared in several forms influenced by numerous writers and thinkers. He used these pseudonyms with a very concrete goal: to represent different forms of thinking. Some people, Kierkegaard tells us in the Preface, might expect books on religious matters to be serious and scholarly. Religious writing, the Introduction explains, should adopt the manner of a physician at a sickbed. Pseudonyms and existentialism. Existentialism in its currently recognizable form was inspired by the 19th Century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, the German philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Karl Jaspers (1883 - 1969) and Edmund Husserl, and writers like the Russian Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881) and the Czech Franz Kafka (1883 - 1924). Religious books should instead strive to engage the reader on a personal level. I. 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