Coffee is one of the three most-popular beverages in the world (alongside water and tea) and one of the most-profitable international commodities. SL28 is among the most well-known and well-regarded varieties of Africa. Unroasted ("green") coffee (Coffea arabica) seeds from Brazil. [10], Coffea arabica accounts for 60% of the world's coffee production. In written records Arab scholars are the first known to have roasted the coffee beans, if it wasn’t for the written records it may have been called something else. There is still debate over whether it was first cultivated in East Africa or on the Arabian peninsula. The beans are flatter and more elongated than Robusta and lower in caffeine. The seeds are contained in a drupe (commonly called a "cherry") 10–15 mm in diameter, maturing bright red to purple and typically contains two seeds, often called coffee beans. [8], The conservation of the genetic variation of C. arabica relies on conserving healthy populations of wild coffee in the Afromontane rainforests of Yemen. Arabica is considered the merlot of coffee, it has a mild taste, and to coffee drinkers, it can be described to have a sweetness, that is light and airy, like the mountains it comes from. Coffea arabica is also found on Mount Marsabit in northern Kenya, but it is unclear whether this is a truly native or naturalised occurrence. He has been writing for more than 20 years. Endemic to the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Systematics – From the systematic point of view it belongs to the Eukaryota Domain, Kingdom Plantae, Magnoliophyta Division, Magnoliopsida Class, Rubiales Order, Rubiaceae Family and therefore to the Coffea Genus and to the C. arabica Species. Genetic research has shown coffee cultivation is threatening the genetic integrity of wild coffee because it exposes wild genotypes to cultivars. Pierre Tristam is an award-winning writer who covers Middle East, foreign affairs, immigration, and civil liberties. a tree, Coffea arabica, of the madder family, the principal species of coffee cultivated in Latin America and the chief coffee tree of commerce. C. arabica is native to the highlands of southwestern Ethiopia, whereas C. canephora is native to the lowland forests from Liberia east and south to Kenya and the Congo basin. They are sometimes shaken off the tree onto mats, which means ripe and unripe berries are collected together. The Arab innovation in Yemen of making a brew from roasted beans spread first among the Egyptians and Turks, and later on, found its way around the world. Some 33 species can be found in Africa, 14 species in Madagascar and 3 species in South-East Asia and Mauritius. Coffee species such as Coffea canephora P. (Robusta) and C. arabica L. (Arabica) are important cash crops in tropical regions around the world. It grows best in higher altitudes but can be grown as low as sea level. Coffee is an understory shrub or small tree native to tropical Africa. Fermented coffee (green) seeds without their hulls. The most valuable part of this cash crop are the beans inside. History of the Bean Its origins date back to about 1,000 BC in the highlands of the Kingdom of Kefa, which is present-day Ethiopia. The word “coffee” may be a corruption of Kaffa, the province of Ethiopia where C. arabicaoriginated and may have been domesticated. Gourmet coffees are almost exclusively high-quality mild varieties of arabica coffee, and among the best-known arabica coffee beans in the world. Although native to Ethiopia, Arabian coffee has been cultivated in Arabia for over 1000 years. [17], It is expected that a medium-term depletion of indigenous populations of C. arabica may occur, due to projected global warming, based on IPCC modelling. [18] Climate change—rising temperatures, longer droughts, and excessive rainfall—appears to threaten the sustainability of arabica coffee production, leading to attempts to breed new cultivars for the changing conditions. Notes on wild. The gourmet growing regions include the Jamaican Blue Mountains, Colombian Supremo, Tarrazú, Costa Rica, Guatemalan, Antigua and Ethiopian Sidamo. On Java, trees are planted at all times of the year and are harvested year round. Coffea Arabica is descended from the original coffee trees discovered in Ethiopia. The plant can tolerate low temperatures, but not frost. Join Us! As the name indicates, robusta coffee is a robust species, resistant to disease, with a high yield per plant. Coffee (Coffea arabica) is regarded as an environmental weed in south-eastern Queensland and northern Queensland. Flowers opening on sunny days result in the greatest numbers of berries. The sweet fragrance resembles the sweet smell of jasmine flowers. These are as dark green as the foliage, until they begin to ripen, at first to yellow and then light red and finally darkening to a glossy, deep red. Here, we inferred the evolutionary origin of the allotetraploid species Coffea arabica , which is widely cultivated for Arabica coffee production. Scientific Coffea arabica English Arabica coffee Coffee shrub of Arabia Mountain coffee Dutch A new study published today used modern genetics tools to trace the history of the Coffea arabica species, the most common and economically important commercial coffee crop species worldwide. On the world market, Arabica coffees bring the highest prices. Coffea arabica was first described scientifically by Antoine de Jussieu, who named it Jasminum arabicum after studying a specimen from the Botanic Gardens of Amsterdam. [2][3] Coffea arabica is called ‏بُنّ‎ (būnn) in Arabic, borrowed from the (Oromo: Buna). The robusta species of coffee of beans make up the 30% difference of global coffee bean production. On well-kept plantations, overflowering is prevented by pruning the tree. Coffea arabica is native to central Ethiopia. Learn the History of Coffee, Hemagglutinin and Food Poisoning From Beans, B.A., Politics and History, New York University. Arabica coffee production in Indonesia began in 1699 through the spread of Yemen's trade. The coffee beans are actually two seeds within the fruit; sometimes, a third seed or one seed, a peaberry, grows in the fruit at tips of the branches. Linnaeus placed it in its own genus Coffea in 1737. Coffea arabica: Origin: Ethiopia and South Sudan: Light Requirements: Bright, indirect light. Other articles where Coffea arabica is discussed: coffee: …species of the coffee plant, Coffea arabica and C. canephora, supply almost all of the world’s consumption. Coffea arabica (/əˈræbɪkə/), also known as the Arabian coffee, "coffee shrub of Arabia", "mountain coffee" or "arabica coffee", is a species of Coffea. The first written record of coffee made from roasted coffee beans comes from Arab scholars, who wrote that it was useful in prolonging their working hours. It is also seen as a potential environmental weed or "sleeper weed" in northern New South Wales and other parts of coastal Queensland. Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) Arabica coffee, mountain coffee (Coffee family) Origin: Ethiopia, now cultivated worldwide Coffee, one of the leading cash crops and one of the most popular drug plants of the last few hundred years (along with tea and tobacco,) may be this author’s favorite thing in the world. The plant was cultivated in Yemen around 1000 AD, and later it spread around the world. Does Caffeine Affect the Taste of Coffee and Cola? [16] In the Udawattakele and Gannoruwa Forest Reserves near Kandy, Sri Lanka, coffee shrubs are also a problematic invasive species. The meaning of arabica coffee dates back to the 7th century, getting it’s name from present day Yemen which at the time was lower Arabia thus claiming the name “ Arabica “. This can be problematic and deleterious, however, as coffee plants tend to produce too many berries; this can lead to an inferior harvest and even damage yield in the following years, as the plant will favor the ripening of berries to the detriment of its own health. While beans of normal C. arabica plants contain 12 mg of caffeine per gram of dry mass, these mutants contain only 0.76 mg of caffeine per gram, but with taste similar to normal coffee.[24]. Arabica coffee was first found in Yemen and documented by the 12th century. Each berry holds two locules containing the beans. It is commonly used as an understorey shrub. The prize of the berries is the beans inside, usually two per berry. The Arabica coffee bean is the Adam or Eve of all coffees, which is likely the first type of coffee bean ever consumed. The African central region appears to be the origin of main Coffea species including the two commercially important species Coffea arabica (i.e., Arabica) and Coffea canephora (i.e., Robusta). Arabica is the most flavoursome coffee variety and is used for no less than three-quarters of total global coffee production. [20][21][22], Coffea arabica was first described scientifically by Antoine de Jussieu, who named it Jasminum arabicum after studying a specimen from the Botanic Gardens of Amsterdam. Interspecific hybridization events have played a major role in plant speciation, yet, the evolutionary origin of hybrid species often remains enigmatic. ( `` green '' ) coffee ( Coffea arabica: origin: Ethiopia and South:. 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